When it comes to storing lithium batteries, the consensus among experts is that they should not be stored fully charged or completely empty. Instead, the ideal storage state for lithium batteries, including lithium-ion and LiFePO4 types, is around 40% to 60% of their capacity. This approach helps to maintain battery health and prolong lifespan.
Why Not Store Fully Charged?
1. Stress on Battery Cells
Storing lithium batteries at full charge can put unnecessary stress on the battery cells. High voltage levels accelerate the chemical reactions inside the battery, which can lead to degradation over time. This degradation reduces the overall lifespan and performance of the battery.
2. Risk of Over-Discharge
If a lithium battery is stored fully charged for an extended period, it may also self-discharge slightly. If left unchecked, this self-discharge can lead to a situation where the battery voltage drops too low, potentially causing over-discharge damage. Once a lithium battery falls below its critical voltage threshold (typically around 2.5V per cell), it may become difficult or impossible to recharge safely.
Why Not Store Completely Empty?
1. Deep Discharge Risks
Storing a lithium battery completely discharged can lead to a condition known as deep discharge. In this state, the battery’s voltage drops too low, which can cause irreversible damage and significantly reduce its capacity. Deep discharge can also increase internal resistance and lead to safety concerns such as swelling or leakage.
2. Capacity Loss
Batteries left in a discharged state for extended periods may suffer from permanent capacity loss due to the formation of a passivation layer on the electrodes, which increases internal resistance and diminishes performance.
Ideal Storage Conditions
1. Charge Level
For optimal storage:
- Keep lithium batteries charged between 40% and 60%.
- This range minimizes stress on the battery while preventing deep discharge.
2. Environmental Conditions
Store batteries in a cool, dry environment:
- Ideal temperatures are between 32°F and 113°F (0°C to 45°C).
- Avoid exposure to direct sunlight, moisture, and extreme temperatures to prevent deterioration.
3. Periodic Checks
If storing batteries long-term:
- Check the charge level every few months.
- Recharge them if necessary to maintain the optimal storage level.
Latest News
Recent advancements in lithium battery technology highlight several important trends:
- Enhanced Safety Features: New designs focus on improving safety mechanisms within lithium batteries.
- Higher Energy Density Batteries: Innovations are leading to batteries with greater energy storage capabilities while maintaining safety.
- Sustainability Initiatives: The industry is increasingly focused on recycling lithium batteries and reducing environmental impact through sustainable practices.
Redway Expert Comment
“Proper storage of lithium batteries is crucial for maintaining their health and longevity. At Redway Battery, we recommend keeping batteries at a partial charge and in suitable environmental conditions to ensure optimal performance when they are needed.”
Conclusion
In summary, lithium batteries should not be stored fully charged or completely empty. The best practice is to keep them at around 40% to 60% charge in a cool, dry environment. By following these guidelines, you can significantly extend the lifespan and performance of your lithium batteries.
